Herod (Hebrew: הוֹרְדוֹס Horodos,
Greek: ἡρῴδης Herōdes), also
known as Herod I or Herod the Great (73 BC – 4 BC in Jericho), was a Romanclient king of Judaea.[1] Herod is known for his colossal building projects in Jerusalem and other parts of the ancient world, including the
rebuilding of the Second Temple in Jerusalem, sometimes referred to as Herod's Temple. Some details of his biography can be gleaned from the works of the 1st century AD Roman-Jewish historian
Josephus Flavius.
Copper coin of Herod, bearing the legend "Basileus Herodon" on the obverse and a Macedoniansun-symbol on the reverse.
Herod the Great was born around 73 BC. He was the second son of Antipater the Idumaean, a high-ranked official under Ethnarch Hyrcanus II, and Cypros, a Nabatean.[3] A loyal supporter of Hyrcanus II, Antipater appointed Herod governor of Galilee at 25, and his older brother, Phasael, governor of Jerusalem. He enjoyed the backing of Rome but his excessive brutality was condemned by the
Sanhedrin.
In 43 BC, following the chaos caused by Antipater offering financial support to Caesar's murderers,
Antipater was poisoned. Herod, backed by the Roman Army, executed his father's murderer. Afterwards, Antigonus, Hyrcanus' nephew, tried to take the throne from his uncle. Herod defeated him and then married his teenage
niece, Mariamne (known as Mariamne I), which helped to secure him a claim to the throne and gain some Jewish favor. However,
Herod already had a wife, Doris, and a three-year-old son, Antipater III, and chose to banish Doris and her child.
In 42 BC, he convinced Mark Antony and Octavian that his father had been forced to help Caesar's murderers. Herod was then named tetrarch of Galilee by the Romans. However, many of the Jews were very upset by this since most Jews did not consider
Herod to be a true Jew. The Idumaean family, successors to the Edomites of the Hebrew Bible, settled in Idumea, formerly known as Edom, in southern Judea. When the MaccabeanJohn Hyrcanus conquered Idumea in 140–130 BC, he required all Idumaeans to obey Jewish law or to leave; most
Idumaeans thus converted to Judaism. While King Herod publicly identified himself as a Jew and was considered as such by some,[4] this religious identification notwithstanding was undermined by the Hellenistic cultural affinity of the Herodians, which would have earned them the antipathy of observant Jews.[5]
In 40 BC Antigonus tried to take the throne again with the help of the Parthians, this time succeeding. Herod fled to Rome to plead with the Romans to restore him to power. There he
was elected "King of the Jews" by the Roman Senate.[6] In 37 BC the Romans fully secured Judea and executed Antigonus. Herod took the role as sole ruler of Judea and took
the title of basileus (Gr. Βασιλευς) for himself, ushering in the Herodian Dynasty and ending the Hasmonean Dynasty. He ruled for 34 years.
Model of Herod's Temple
Achievements
Herod's most famous and ambitious project was the expansion of the Second Temple in Jerusalem.
In the eighteenth year of his reign (20–19 BC), Herod rebuilt the Temple on "a more magnificent
scale".[7] The new Temple was finished in a year and a half, although work on out-buildings and courts continued another eighty
years.[7] To comply with religious law, Herod employed 1,000 priests as masons and carpenters in the rebuilding.[7] The finished temple, which was destroyed in 70 AD, is sometimes referred to as Herod's Temple. The Wailing Wall or Western Wall which now stands in Jerusalem is the wall which Herod built
around the west side of the courtyard surrounding the Temple.
Some of Herod's other achievements include the development of water supplies for Jerusalem,
building fortresses such as Masada and Herodium, and founding new cities such as Caesarea Maritima. He and Cleopatra owned a monopoly over the extraction of asphalt from the Dead Sea, which was used in ship building.
He leased copper mines on Cyprus from the Roman emperor.
Discovery of quarry
On September 25, 2007, Yuval Baruch, archaeologist with the Israeli Antiquities Authority announced their discovery of a quarry compound which provided King Herod with the stones to renovate the second Temple. It houses the Temple Mount. Coins, pottery and iron stake found proved the date of the quarrying to be about 19 BC. Archaeologist
Ehud Netzer confirmed that the large outlines of the stone cuts is evidence that it was a massive public project worked on
by hundreds of slaves.[8]
According to Matthew's gospel, shortly after the birth of Jesus, Magi from the East visited Herod to inquire the whereabouts of "the one having been born king of the
Jews", because they had seen his star in the east and therefore wanted to pay him homage. Herod, who was himself King of Judea,
was alarmed at the prospect of the newborn king usurping his rule.
In the story, Herod was advised by the assembled chief priests and scribes of the people that
the Prophet had written that the "Anointed One" (Greek: ho christos) was to be born in Bethlehem of Judea. Herod therefore sent the Magi to Bethlehem, instructing them to search for the child and, after
they had found him, to "report to me, so that I too may go and worship him". However, after they had found Jesus, the Magi
were warned in a dream not to report back to Herod. Similarly, Joseph was warned in a dream that Herod intended to kill Jesus, so he and his family fled to Egypt.
When Herod realized he had been outwitted by the Magi, he gave orders to kill all boys of the age of two and under in Bethlehem
and its vicinity. Joseph and his family stayed in Egypt until Herod's death, then moved to Nazareth in Galilee in order to avoid living under Herod's son Archelaus.
The historical accuracy of this event has been questioned, since although Herod was certainly guilty of many brutal acts,
including the killing of his wife and two of his sons, no other source from the period makes any reference to such a massacre.[9]
Death
Coin of Herod the Great, bearing a temple and star of david
The scholarly consensus, based on Josephus' Antiquities of the Jews is that Herod died at the end of March or early April in 4 BC. Josephus wrote that Herod died 37 years after being named
as King by the Romans, and 34 years after the death of Antigonus.[10] This would imply that he died in 4 BC. This is confirmed by the fact that his three sons, between whom his kingdom
was divided, dated their rule from 4 BC. For instance, he states that Herod Philip II's death took place after a 37-year reign in the 20th year of Tiberius, which would imply that he took over on Herod's death in 4 BC.[11] In addition, Josephus wrote that Herod died after a lunar eclipse,[12] and a partial eclipse[13] took place in 4 BC. It has been suggested that 5 BC might be a more likely date[14] — there were two total eclipses in that year.[15][16] However, the 4 B.C. date is almost universally accepted.[17]
Josephus wrote that Herod's final illness was excruciating (Ant. 17.6.5). From Josephus' descriptions, some medical experts propose that Herod had chronickidney disease complicated by Fournier's gangrene.[18] Modern scholars agree he suffered throughout his lifetime from depression and paranoia.[19]
The location of Herod's tomb is documented by Roman historian Flavius Josephus, who writes, "And the body was carried two hundred furlongs, to Herodium, where he had given
order to be buried."[20]
Flavius Josephus provides more clues about Herod's tomb which he calls Herod's monuments:
So they threw down all the hedges and walls which the inhabitants had made about their gardens
and groves of trees, and cut down all the fruit trees that lay between them and the wall of the city, and filled up all the
hollow places and the chasms, and demolished the rocky precipices with iron instruments; and thereby made all the place level
from Scopus to Herod's monuments, which adjoined to the pool called the Serpent's Pool.[21]
Ehud Netzer, an archaeologist from Hebrew University, read the writings of Josephus and focused his search on the vicinity of the pool and its surroundings
at the Winter Palace of Herod in the Judean desert. An article of the New York Times states,
Lower Herodium consists of the remains of a large palace, a race track, service quarters, and
a monumental building whose function is still a mystery. Perhaps, says Ehud Netzer, who excavated the site, it is Herod's
mausoleum. Next to it is a pool, almost twice as large as modern Olympic-size pools.[22]
It took 35 years for Netzer to identify the exact location, but on May 7, 2007, an Israeli team of archaeologists of the Hebrew University led by Netzer, announced they had discovered the tomb.[23][24][25][26][27] The site is located at the exact location given by Flavius Josephus, atop of tunnels and water pools, at a flattened
desert site, halfway up the hill to Herodium, 12 kilometers (7.5 mi) south of Jerusalem.[28]
Chronology
30s BC
The taking of Jerusalem by Herod the Great, 36 BC, by Jean Fouquet, late 15th century.
35 BC — Aristobulus III of Judea is drowned at a party, on Herod's orders.
32 BC — The war against Nabatea begins, with victory one year later.
31 BC — Judea suffers a devastating earthquake. Octavian defeats Mark Antony, so Herod switches allegiance to Octavian, later known as Augustus.
30 BC — Herod is shown great favour by Octavian, who at Rhodes confirms him as King of Judaea.
20s BC
29 BC — Josephus writes that Herod had great passion and also great jealousy concerning his wife, Mariamne I. She learns of Herod's plans to murder her, and stops sleeping with him. Herod puts her on trial on a
charge of adultery. His sister, Salome I, was chief witness against her. Mariamne I's mother Alexandra made an appearance and incriminated her
own daughter. Historians say her mother was next on Herod's list to be executed and did this only to save her own life. Mariamne
was executed, and Alexandra declared herself Queen, stating that Herod was mentally unfit to serve. Josephus wrote that this
was Alexandra's strategic mistake; Herod executed her without trial.
28 BC — Herod executed his brother-in-law Kostobar[29] (husband of Salome, father to Berenice) for conspiracy. Large festival in Jerusalem, as Herod had built a Theatre and an Amphitheatre.
27 BC — An assassination attempt on Herod was foiled. To honor Augustus, Herod rebuilt Samaria and renamed it Sebaste.
25 BC — Herod imported grain from Egypt and started an aid program to combat the widespread hunger and disease that followed a massive drought. He also waives a third of the taxes.
23 BC — Herod built a palace in Jerusalem and the fortress Herodion (Herodium) in Judea. He
married his third wife, Mariamne II, the daughter of high priest Simon.[30]
22 BC — Herod began construction on Caesarea Maritima and its harbor. The Roman emperor Augustus grants him the regions Trachonitis, Batanaea and Auranitis
to the north-east of Judea.
Circa 18 BC — Herod traveled for the second time to Rome.
14 BC — Herod supported the Jews in Anatolia and Cyrene. Owing to the prosperity in Judaea he waived a quarter of the taxes.
13 BC — Herod made his first-born son Antipater (his son by Doris) first heir in his will.
12 BC — Herod suspected both his sons (from his marriage to Mariamne I) Alexander and Aristobulus
of threatening his life. He took them to Aquileia to be tried. Augustus reconciled the three. Herod supported the financially strapped Olympic Games and ensured their future. Herod amended his will so that Alexander and Aristobulus rose in the royal
succession, but Antipater would be higher in the succession.
Circa 10 BC — The newly expanded temple in Jerusalem was inaugurated. War against the Nabateans
began.
0s BC
9 BC — Caesarea Maritima was inaugurated. Owing to the course of the war against the Nabateans,
Herod fell into disgrace with Augustus. Herod again suspected Alexander of plotting to kill him.
8 BC — Herod accused his sons by Mariamne I of high treason. Herod reconciled with Augustus, which also gave him the permission to proceed legally against his sons.
7 BC — The court hearing took place in Berytos (Beirut) before a Roman court. Mariamne I's sons were found guilty and executed. The succession changed so that
Antipater was the exclusive successor to the throne. In second place the succession incorporated (Herod) Philip, his son by
Mariamne II.
5 BC — Antipater was brought before the court charged with the intended murder of Herod. Herod,
by now seriously ill, named his son (Herod) Antipas (from his fourth marriage with Malthace) as his successor.
4 BC — Young disciples smashed the golden eagle over the main entrance of the Temple of Jerusalem
after the Pharisee teachers claimed it was an idolatrous Roman symbol. Herod arrested them, brought them to court, and sentenced
them. Augustus approved the death penalty for Antipater. Herod then executed his son, and again changed his will: Archelaus (from the marriage with Malthace) would rule as king over Herod's entire kingdom, while Antipas (by Malthace) and Philip (from the fifth marriage with Cleopatra of Jerusalem) would rule as Tetrarchs over Galilee and Peraea (Transjordan), also over Gaulanitis (Golan), Trachonitis (Hebrew: Argob), Batanaea (now Ard-el-Bathanyeh) and Panias. As Augustus did not confirm his will, no one got the title of King; however, the three sons did get
the stated territories.
I FOUND THIS SITE UNDER MY HISTORY FILE AND I DIDN'T LOOK IT UP IT WAS JUST LEFT ON MY
COMPUTER AS WELL AS OTHER SITES THAT I WOULDN'T HAVE A CLUE TO RESEARCH BUT AFTER I LOOKED IN TO THIS FILE I UNDERSTAND THESE
WOMEN ARE CRAZY AND WHERE TRYING TO FIGURE OUT WHAT THEY THINK I ALREADY KNOW.
THEY WANT TO MAKE THEIR BID FOR BEING
SOPHIA OF WISDOM III
BUT THEY DO NOT HAVE THE FAMILY HISTORY THAT I HAVE
SO THEY HAVE DONE THE MOST UNTHINKABLE THINGS IN ANOTHER DIMENSION
WILLIAM MORRIS BROBECK - FATHER - IN - LAW TO THE MOTHER OF DARKNESS SHARI BROBECK
SOPHIA OF WISDOM III - SEVEN NATIONS PICTOU SESSIONS
THE MYSTERY OF HOW ALL THE CD'S AND INCLUDING THE MASTER WERE ALTERED BY THE USE OF THE
BEVEATRON MACHINE
SEE LINK FOR ALTERED CD OF SEVEN NATIONS PICTOU SESSIONShttps://valentinadoriadianemacdonald.tripod.com/id57.html
SOPHIA OF WISDOM III - GRAND COULEE DAM 24
WISDOMS. All Rights Reserved
SOPHIA OF WISDOM III
SOPHIA OF WISDOM III
SOPHIA OF WISDOM III
NINA ALVES HANDWRITTING
SOPHIA OF WISDOM III
SOPHIA OF WISDOM III
SOPHIA OF WISDOM III
SOPHIA OF WISDOM III
SOPHIA OF WISDOM III
SOPHIA OF WISDOM III
SOPHIA OF WISDOM III
SOPHIA OF WISDOM III
SOPHIA OF WISDOM III
NINA ALVES HANDWRITTING
SOPHIA OF WISDOM III
SOPHIA OF WISDOM III - CAROLINE E. KENNEDY
SOPHIA OF WISDOM III
Enter content here
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SOPHIA OF WISDOM III
SOPHIA OF WISDOM III - CAROLINE E. KENNEDY
THE CLAIMS
OF
MICHAEL MORAN
AND
SOPHIA OF WISDOM III
CAROLINE E. KENNEDY - CAROLINA KENNEDIA
THIS IS A TRUE STORY
OF
THE DIVINE COUPLE
AND
THE MOTHER'S OF DARKNESS
ON
THIS DAY JANUARY 29, 2004 1:00 PM
MICHAEL RAYMOND MORAN
THE COUSIN
OF
SOPHIA OF WISDOM III
CAROLINE E. KENNEDY - CAROLINA KENNEDIA
VISITED ME AT MY APT IN ALAMEDA, CA AND TOLD ME THINGS HE COULD OF NOT
KNOWN THAT WERE IN MY APT SUCH AS THE PICTURES OF HERA AND ZEUS -
CRIVELLI ITALIAN SALSA PRODUCTS INTERNATIONAL
RODUCTS INTERNATIONAL
THIS IS A TRUE STORY
OF
THE DIVINE COUPLE
AND
THE MOTHER'S OF DARKNESS
ON
THIS DAY JANUARY 29, 2004 1:00 PM
MICHAEL RAYMOND MORAN
THE COUSIN
OF
SOPHIA OF WISDOM III
CAROLINE E. KENNEDY - CAROLINA KENNEDIA
VISITED ME AT MY APT IN ALAMEDA, CA AND TOLD ME THINGS HE COULD OF NOT
KNOWN THAT WERE IN MY APT SUCH AS THE PICTURES OF HERA AND ZEUS -
CRIVELLI ITALIAN SALSA PRODUCTS INTERNATIONAL
CRIVELLI ITALIAN SALSA P
I FEEL THAT JFK,JR OR LAWRENCE AS JFK,JR
AND
SHARI BROBECK
HAVE BEEN HAVING AN AFFAIR AND HE PAYS HER 5,000.00 EVERY 5 MINUTES FOR
BLOW JOBS AND SHE MAKES ABOUT 300,000.00 A DAY DOING THIS AND HAS THE ABILITY WITH THE HELP OF A CHARGER TO ASCEND AND DESCEND
FOR HIS PLEASURE WHEN HE WANTS IT
SHE BELIEVE SHE IS THE HOLY SPIRIT AND HERE IS WHY
SHARI WAS HELPING ME MOVE FROM MY HOUSE ON TARRYTON WHERE I WAS JUDGING
SPIRITS BECAUSE MY HOUSE WAS ON A MAGNET LAY LINE AND SHE SAW HIM IN MY BEDROOM AND HE WAS A SHADOW PERSON AND GOT SCARED
AND RAN DOWN THE HALL TO MY OFFICE AND LEFT
THEN SHARI AND MY MOTHER TEAMED UP TO TAKE ME TO A PARANORMAL DOCTOR BECAUSE
THEY THOUGHT I WAS GOING CRAZY AND WANTED ME TO LEAVE MY HOUSE AND THIS MADE LAWRENCE - JFK,JR REALLY MAD AND HE MADE HER
SMALL AND TRIED TO PUT HER IN THE CONTAINER OF EVIL IN MY BODY BUT SHE GOT OUT AND STOLE MY ABILITIES TO ASCEND AND DESCEND
RODUCTS INTERNATIONAL
CRIVELLI ITALIAN SALSA PRODUCTS INTERNATIONAL
I HAVE POWER PICTURES OF ANCIENT SYMBOLS HANGING IN A ROOM THAT COULD NOT
HAVE BEEN SEEN WHEN YOU FIRST WALK IN
AND
WE HAVE NOT SPOKEN IN MANY YEARS HE LIVES IN LOS ANGELES
I ASKED HIM TO FOLLOW ME AND SHOWED HIM WHAT HE WAS ENVISIONING
SOPHIA OF WISDOM III - CAROLINE E. KENNEDY - CAROLINA KENNEDIA
I FEEL THAT JFK,JR OR LAWRENCE AS JFK,JR
AND
SHARI BROBECK
HAVE BEEN HAVING AN AFFAIR AND HE PAYS HER 5,000.00 EVERY 5 MINUTES FOR
BLOW JOBS AND SHE MAKES ABOUT 300,000.00 A DAY DOING THIS AND HAS THE ABILITY WITH THE HELP OF A CHARGER TO ASCEND AND DESCEND
FOR HIS PLEASURE WHEN HE WANTS IT
SHE BELIEVE SHE IS THE HOLY SPIRIT AND HERE IS WHY
SHARI WAS HELPING ME MOVE FROM MY HOUSE ON TARRYTON WHERE I WAS JUDGING
SPIRITS BECAUSE MY HOUSE WAS ON A MAGNET LAY LINE AND SHE SAW HIM IN MY BEDROOM AND HE WAS A SHADOW PERSON AND GOT SCARED
AND RAN DOWN THE HALL TO MY OFFICE AND LEFT
THEN SHARI AND MY MOTHER TEAMED UP TO TAKE ME TO A PARANORMAL DOCTOR BECAUSE
THEY THOUGHT I WAS GOING CRAZY AND WANTED ME TO LEAVE MY HOUSE AND THIS MADE LAWRENCE - JFK,JR REALLY MAD AND HE MADE HER
SMALL AND TRIED TO PUT HER IN THE CONTAINER OF EVIL IN MY BODY BUT SHE GOT OUT AND STOLE MY ABILITIES TO ASCEND AND DESCEND
RODUCTS INTERNATIONAL
CRIVELLI ITALIAN SALSA PRODUCTS INTERNATIONAL
I HAVE POWER PICTURES OF ANCIENT SYMBOLS HANGING IN A ROOM THAT COULD NOT
HAVE BEEN SEEN WHEN YOU FIRST WALK IN
AND
WE HAVE NOT SPOKEN IN MANY YEARS HE LIVES IN LOS ANGELES
I ASKED HIM TO FOLLOW ME AND SHOWED HIM WHAT HE WAS ENVISIONING
SOPHIA OF WISDOM III
SOPHIA OF WISDOM III
OF WIDSOM III - CAROLINE E. KENNEDY - CAROLINA KENNEDIA
"Impossible Dream"
To dream the impossible dream To
fight the unbeatable foe To bear with unbearable sorrow And to run where the brave dare not go To right the unrightable
wrong And to love pure and chaste from afar To try when your arms are too weary To reach the unreachable star This
is my quest To follow that star No matter how hopeless No matter how far To fight for the right Without question
or pause To be willing to march, march into hell For that heavenly cause And I know If I'll only be true To
this glorious quest That my heart Will lie peaceful and calm When I'm laid to my rest And the world will be better
for this That one man, scorned and covered with scars, Still strove with his last ounce of courage To reach
the unreachable, the unreachable, The unreachable star And I'll always dream The impossible dream Yes, and
I'll reach The unreachable star
This is the first english translation of Dr. Annette Zgoll’s german, academic
translation of Nin-me-sara found at the beginning of her book, "Der Rechtsfall der En-hedu-Ana im Lied Nin-me-sara"(1997), "En-Hedu-Ana's Lawsuit in the poem Nin-me-sara". It is a combined effort between myself and Tatjana
Dorsch, who has very accessibly translated the whole book for me. It is the most recent, updated translation of Enheduana’s
most famous poem since Dr. William Hallo’s grounbreaking translation, "The Exaltation of Inanna" in 1968. Dr. Zgoll has generously given of her time and corrected it and allowed me to post it here.
1. Queen of all the ME, too numerous to count, rising forth as resplendent light [1]
2. Woman [2], most driven, clothed in frightening radiance, loved by An and Uras,
3. An's nugig [3], you are above all the great SUHkese-breastplates,
4. You, who love the right aga-crown [4], who is suited for the en-priest-hood,
5. empowered
with all of its all seven ME --
6. my queen! You are the guardian of the great ME!
7. You have uplifted the
ME, you have held the Me in your hand.
8 You have gathered the ME, you have clasped the ME to your chest.
9
Like a dragon you cast venom upon the enemy land.
10 In the regions where you thundered like Iskur, Asnan no longer
exists because of you
11 Flooding waters surge down on such an enemy land
12 You are the supreme one in Heaven
and Earth, you are their Inana!
[1] This
can also connote through homophone and homonym: "Queen of the countless battles, (as) a raging storm rising"
[2] Or we can read the sign of 'munus-zi' as 'zirru': “female”( bird). This is a title
of Ningal, that is of Enheduanna. - Dr. Joan Westenholz has identified zirru as a title of the goddess Ningal, used
by Enheduanna in her article, “Enheduanna, En-Priestess, Hen of Nanna,Spouse of Nanna”. In this article she deduces
that Enheduanna is endowed with this title of zirru to convey that she is the human embodiment of Ningal.
[3] nugig is a title of Inanna in the context of the exercise of power or the broadening of power,
important in the context of legitimization of rulers. -One of Dr. Zgoll’s theories is that Enheduanna herself,
as en-priestess of Nanna in Ur, is endowed with the power to legitimate a king’s rule.
[4] I.e., Inanna loves the aga-crown/cap (object). It can also be read as: the aga-crown/cap (subject)
loves Inanna, whereby then the aga metonomycal stands for Nanna, compare chapter 3.4.-- The attribute “right”
is the same word as in line 2 “driven” , it can be understood here also as a replacement for ‘thirst for
creating’. (dictionary definition of metonymy- one word is put for another that it
suggests; as, we say, a man keeps a good table instead of good food; we read Virgil, that is, his poems; a man has a warm
heart, that is, warm affections)
13 Unceasing raging fire, you shower down upon the land of Sumer
14 Queen, whom An gave
the ME, you ride atop a beast
15 Authorized by the fate-determining word of An, you utter words.[5]
16
The great rites are yours-- who else could fathom their meaning?
17 Destroyer of enemy lands- you empowered
the storm
18. Beloved of Enlil, you let terror reign over the land of Sumer
19. You stood prepared, waiting
to fulfill the orders of An
20. My Queen! All enemy lands bow down at the sound of your roar!
21. Under
your fearsome radiance, your terrible glare and storm, the people
22. turned their steps toward you in mute dread
23.
-- of all the ME, you had grasped the most terrible and deeply stirring--
24. Mankind [6] opened the gateway of
tears, on your account [7]
25. They must walk the path to the house of all the great laments, on your account.[8]
[5] Or: “Who, authorized through the fate-determining mouth of An, says
words”.
[6] In reference to nam-lu-ulu (mankind, men) line 21.
[7] literally: “to you” (or
because of you)
[8] literally: “to you” (or because of you)
26. Because of you [9], all [10] had been ripped away even before the battle.
27. My Queen!
With your strength a tooth can even crush flint [11]!
28. Like an invasive storm you barge in.
29. With the
howling storm you howl.
30. With Iskur you thunder.
31. With raging thunderstorm you do exhaust,
32.
while your own foot has never yet tired.
33. With the harp of laments one [12] strikes up a song of lamentation
34.
My Queen! The Anuna, the great gods,
35. Like terrified [13] bats, fluttered away from you to the top of the mounds
of ruins.
36. They could not withstand your devastating glance [14].
37. They cannot stand up against the fright
on your brow.
39. Your hostile heart has become too violent to
pacify!
40. Queen, has your soul [16] really been satisfied? Queen, is your heart really now filled with joy?
41.
Your rage does not cool, great daughter of Suen! [17]
42. Queen, greater than the enemy land-- who would dare take
away any of your territory? [18]
43 You take the ‘mountain range’ [19] into your territory: its Asnan
is no longer.[20]
44 Fire was set against its great gate. [21]
45 Blood flowed in its river for you, its
people had to drink it for you. [22]
46 Their troops, all gathered together, [23] had to surrender themselves to
you.
47 Even their elite troups, united together, had to be struck down for you.
48 Even their strong men-
all of them, had to stand before you [24]
49 In the town’s places of pleasure, a storm rages.
50 They
hunt down their best men as captives for you.
[15] Literally
‘cool’ with connotation ‘refresh’.
[16] Literally also “liver”, “stomach’.
[17]
Another translation possibility: “Rage (glowing) and not cooling, great daugher of Suen!”
[18] Literally:
“your earth”.
[19] Compare chapter 3.6.2.
[20] Some texts: “When you.... the ‘mountain
ranges’” LaC: “you looked angrily upon the enemy land , ....”; UnH “When you looked angrily
at the enemy land”.
[21] UrB: “in ihre (their, her, your) great temple”.
[22] 2 text segments:
“they have nothing to drink”.
[23] Other translation possibility, also in the following lines” “in
their fear”.
[24] NiW: “stood in front of you”.
51. The city, which would not say “This land is yours!” [25]
52. where the people
did not say “He is your loving father!”--
53. He has spoken your fate-determining word [26]: the territory
is restored beneath your foot.
54. Then care [27] disappears from within, from their stall.
55. That woman
there - she no longer speaks of love with her spouse.
56. At night she no longer holds counsel with him.
57.
She no longer reveals her innermost self to him , which holds the hope of future life[28].
58. Aggressive wild
cow, great daughter of Suen,
59. Queen, greater than heaven- who would dare take any of your territories away from
you?
[25] NiMM and LaB: “The enemy city, which
has not said “To you”
[26] Variant: “ spoken from your fate-determining word”.
[27]
Another word variant yielded the translation: “from the mother love”. Literal translation: “Then... the
foot is slipped”.
[28] Literally: “the fate-determining thing of her insides”.
60 The Great queen (NIN.GAL) of queens, born for the rightful [29] ME,
61 born of a fate-laden
body, you are even greater than your own mother,
62 full of wisdom, foresight, queen over all lands,
63.
who allows existence to many, I now strike up your fate-determining song!
64 All powerful divinity, suitable for
the ME, that which you have said magnificently is the most powerful! [31]
65. Of unfathomable heart [32], oh highly
driven woman [33], of radiant heart, your ME [34], I will list for you now!
66. Into my fate-determining Gipar [35],
I had entered for you.
67. I, the en-priestess, I, En-hedu-Ana [36].
68. While I carried the basket, I struck
up the song of jubilation,
69. as though I had not lived there [38], they offered the death sacrifice. [37]
70.
I came close to the light, there the light became scorching to me.
71. I came close to the shadow, there it was
veiled by a storm.
72. My sweet mouth became venomous [39].
73. That with which I gave delight, turned to dust.
[29] See the opening of line 4: the adjective “right”
also comprises the connotation of true powerfulness.
[30] The goddess Ningal. Literally: “as her own mother”.
[31]
Simultaneously valid to the version: ”What you have spoken in as great a manner, is the ‘most powerful’.”,
i.e. “No one can become more praised than you”.
[32] By the use of “heart” the connotation
of “Anger” from the context of line 38-41is not to be overlooked.
[33] NiRR: ‘zirru’, “(bird)woman”;
this version is also possible in the parallel text. It is a title of Ningal, that is, Enheduanna; compare with chapter
6.1.
[34]NiRR: “the fate-deciding ME.” LaB, UnC: ”the rightful ME”.
[35] A part of the
temple complex of the moongod in Ur, which encompasses the residence of the en-Priestess and the shrine of Ningal.
[36]
The name means translated “En,Ornament of An”. Compare to chapter 4.5.
[37] UrB, UrG, LaB, write euphemistically
instead “the beautiful place”. NiRR: “One of them has set down my meal (for the gods)”. NiA: “.....one
of them offered, on his account as if I had never lived there.”
[38] Literally: “Haven’t I not
lived there?”
[39] This version is in Text NiC and Text NiHHH, all other texts have one of the homophonic
expressions. NiRR writes “bitter”.
74. My fate with Suen and Lugal-Ane,
75. report it to An! May An resolve it for me!
76.
Report it to An immediately. An will resolve it for us!
77 "The Lady will tear away the destiny of Lugal-Ane.
78.
At her feet lie hostile land and flood.
79. She is truly mighty- she will make the town tremble before her.
80.
Go (before the court), so that she will be calm in her heart for me!"[40]
81. En-hedu-Ana am I, I will now
say a prayer to you.
82. My tears, like sweet beer
83. I now shed them freely for you, fate-determining Inana,
"Your judgement!" I will say to you. [41]
84. As for ASimbabbar, concern yourself not!
85. While changing
the purfication rites of the fate-determining An, he [42:Lugalane] altered everything for him,
86. he tore away
the Eana from An!
87. He showed no awe for the most venerable God (AN)!
88. This house, whose abundance he [43:AN]
was not sated with, whose beauty he had not tasted,
89. he [44:Lugalane] turned this house into a despised home
for him!
90. All the while, upon entering, as if he were the companion, he approached me with envy! [45]
91.
My driven, divine, wild cow! You must drive away this 'someone', you must seize this 'someone'!
92. In this
place where life is made possible-- what am I?
93. This rebellious territory, despised by your Nanna: An should
force them to surrender!
94. This city-- An should strike it down!
95. Enlil should curse it!
96. The
mother shall not soothe her crying child!
[40] In other
texts: "so that she calms her heart for me."
97. Queen! The laments which were struck up over the land, [46]
98. your ship of wailing should
be left behind in the enemy land! [47]
99. And because of my fate-determining song -- must I die? [48]
100.
I-- my Nanna has cared not for me [49].
101. In the rebellious land, they completely and utterly destroyed me.
102.
ASimbabbar most certainly has not passed a final judgement upon me!
103. Has he spoken it-- does it mean anything?
Has he not spoken it-- does it mean anything?
104. After he stood there in triumph, he expelled me from the
temple.
105. He made me fly like a swallow from the window- my life was consumed --[50]
106. and so I must
go to the thorny undergrowth of the enemy land.
107. He tore the rightful aga-crown [51] of en-ship from me.
108.
Handing me a dagger, he said, "This is now your ornament!" [52]
109. One and only Queen, beloved of An,
110.
Mighty is your fate-determining heart, for my sake, may it be turned to its place! [53]
111. Beloved wife of Usumgal-Ana
[54],
112. From the base to the zenith of heaven, you are the great Queen (NIN.GAL),
113. the Anuna have
submitted to you.
114. From birth you were the smaller queen,
115. the Anuna, all the great gods-- how you
have surpassed them!
116. The Anuna kiss the ground before you with their lips.
117. My own trial is not yet
over, but a stranger sentence surrounds me as though it were my sentence.
[46] Or: "the lamentations, which were established".
[47] LaB: "should be approached".
[48]
LaB: "they will die".
[49] UrB: "has not decided [my] verdict".
[50] NiU, NiDD: "He consumed my life."
[51]
UnB: "the right garment".
[52] 2nd Version: "This will be pushed against you (like horns of a bull)”.
[53]
This turn (idiom) is a regular formula of the heart-soothing of the gods, which in this context agrees with the similar
sounding: "may it be ... turned to its territories".
[54] NiRR:"The beloved wife of An [has...], beloved [ ] of
Ama[-sumgal-Ana]".
118. To the radiant bed [55], I did not stretch out my hand.
119. Nor did I reveal the words
of Ningal to that 'someone' [56].
120. The radiant en -priestess of Nanna am I.
121. My Queen, beloved of An
[57], may your heart be calmed for me.
122. It shall be known, it shall be known: Nanna has proclaimed no decree, "It
is yours" is what he has said!
123. That you are as high as heaven, shall be known!
124. That you are as wide
as the earth, shall be known!
125. That you anhilate rebelling territiories [58], shall be known!
125a. That
you roar against the enemy lands, shall be known!
126. That you crush the leaders, shall be known!
127. That
you devour corpses like a predator, shall be known!
128. That your glance is terrible, shall be known!
129.
That you raise your terrible glance, shall be known!
130. That your glance is sparkling, shall be known!
131.
That you are unshakable and unyielding, shall be known!
132. That you always stand triumphant, shall be known!
133.
That Nanna has not proclaimed (the decree), that he has said, "It is yours",
134. my Queen- it has made you greater,
you have become the greatest!
135. My Queen, beloved of An, I will announce all of your wrath![59]
136.
I have heaped the coals, prepared the purification rites,
137. The Esdam-ku [60] stands ready for you- will
not your heart calm down for me? [61]
138. Since the heart was full, too full, great Queen, I birthed it for you.
[62]
139. What was said to you at midnight,
140. the cult singer shall repeat it to you at midday:
141.
"Because of your captive spouse, because of your captive protégé,
142. your anger has grown large, your heart
has not calmed down."
[55] NiDD:"In my radiant bed".
[56]
UrB:"I will not say anything to him".
[57] NiA, UnB: "You are the beloved queen of An"
[58] UrA, LaC: kur.
[59]
NiYY:"before your throne".
[60] The name of the Inana-temple in Girsu/Lagas; beside it is also professed a place
in various Inana-temples.
[61] Other texts:"May your heart be calmed/refreshed for me!"
[62] The meaning is
first of all the text of NMS itself; for a broader translation compare with Chapter 7.2.
143 The Queen, the strong one, the ruler over the gathering of the 'en' [63],
144 she did
accept her prayer and sacrifice [64] .
145 The heart of fate-determining Inana has turned to its place.
146
The light was sweet for her, delight was spread over her, full of abundant beauty was she.
147 As the light of
the rising moon (NANNA), she too was clothed in enchantment.
148 Nanna came out [65] to rightfully gaze (at her)
in awe,
149 (he and) her mother Ningal blessed her,
150 and then the gate post said unto her "Be hailed!"
151
What each said to the nugig is exalted.
152 Destroyer of enemy lands, endowed with the ME from An,
153 My
Queen, draped in enchantment, (to you) Inana be glory!
[63]
'en' is a title for priests and rulers.
[64] In Sumerian this is only one lexeme. (=word)
[65] Another
possible translation: (he) "led her out".
I have added a few explanations
of her research in italics beneath some of the footnotes. For those unfamiliar with the Sumerian terms, Dr. Zgoll’s
literary paraphrase will be most helpful and I will be posting it in the near futur. I have also taken the liberty
in presenting the long lines of the poem as shorter pairs of lines whenever possible, to facilitate reading the poem. ---------------------------------------